Resources

The Pandemic Fund, hosted by the World Bank, provides long-term financing to strengthen the capacities of low- and middle-income countries to prevent, detect, and respond to future pandemics. It was established in 2022 to address gaps exposed by COVID-19 and support investments in disease surveillance systems, laboratory networks, emergency response capacity, health workforce training, and One Health systems linking human, animal, and environmental health.This brief, part of a series on Global health financing for oxygen systems, is intended to support applicants, partners, civil society, and others in developing funding requests and/or advocating for prioritization of medical oxygen, pulse oximetry, and respiratory therapies in Pandemic Fund applications. It builds from previous efforts to support oxygen inclusion in Pandemic Fund proposals.

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (Global Fund) has become the largest source of external donor funding for medical oxygen, pulse oximetry, and respiratory therapies in low- and middle-income countries. Between 2021 and 2025, the Global Fund’s COVID-19 Response Mechanism invested around US$564 million to expand access to oxygen in over 80 low- and middle-income countries, financing more than 300 oxygen plants and training over 1,000 health professionals across almost 500 health facilities.This brief, part of a series on Global health financing for oxygen systems, is intended to support applicants, partners, civil society, and others in developing funding requests and/or advocating for prioritization of medical oxygen, pulse oximetry, and respiratory therapies in grants from the Global Fund. It builds from previous efforts to support oxygen inclusion in Global Fund proposals.

Accessing low-interest loans and grants from multilateral development banks (MDBs) to strengthen national medical oxygen systems is achievable with careful preparation, strong alignment to national priorities, and proactive engagement with MDB processes. By structuring robust project proposals based on costed national medical oxygen plans, governments can unlock significant concessional financing to build resilient, sustainable oxygen infrastructure—ultimately saving lives and strengthening health systems for future challenges.This brief, part of a series on Global health financing for oxygen systems, is intended to support applicants, partners, civil society, and others in developing funding requests and/or advocating for prioritization of medical oxygen, pulse oximetry, and respiratory therapies in development bank grants and loans.

The Global Financing Facility for Women, Children and Adolescents (GFF), housed at the World Bank Group (WBG), was established in 2015 with the vision to end preventable maternal and child deaths. Over the past decade, US$2.5 billion in GFF grants has leveraged more than $11 billion in additional WBG financing to expand access to lifesaving care in 38 countries.This brief, part of a series on Global health financing for oxygen systems, is intended to support government officials, development partners, civil society, and other stakeholders in advocating for prioritization of medical oxygen, pulse oximetry, and respiratory therapies in investment cases for women’s, children’s, and adolescent health and nutrition in GFF partner countries. It builds from previous efforts to support oxygen inclusion in investment cases for GFF partner countries.

Global health is at a pivotal moment. In the years since the COVID-19 pandemic began, countries across the Global South are taking greater ownership of their health priorities, even as traditional development assistance grows more constrained and less predictable. At the same time, health systems face mounting pressure to deliver universal health coverage, strengthen pandemic preparedness, and accelerate innovation.Against this backdrop, Global Health in Transition: A Private Sector Dialogue on Architecting a New Future captures the outcomes of a high-level private-sector consultation hosted in Bali by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, in partnership with the Asian Development Bank, PATH, and the Rockefeller Foundation. The dialogue brought together leaders from the private sector, government, and the development community to explore how next-generation public-private collaboration models can build more resilient and self-reliant health systems.Drawing on insights from plenary discussions and sector-specific dialogues spanning vaccines, therapeutics, diagnostics, and medical devices, the report examines the structural shifts underway, the barriers to sustained private-sector engagement, and the enabling conditions needed to unlock long-term investment. It reflects a shared vision for a more coordinated, regionally anchored, and partnership-driven global health architecture, one that positions the private sector as a co-architect in delivering equitable, sustainable health outcomes.